Wildfly upgrade for Java Server Faces

 applications

Background

This document describes the basic changes for migrating JSF 2 applications from Wildfly v20 (JBOSS Enterprise Application Platform 7) to v30+ (or JBOSS EAP 8) – for version mapping between Wildfly and Jboss EAP, please refer to Appendix. The main changes in the later versions of Wildfly/Jboss EAP are package rename and deprecation. For example, the old javax.faces.* packages are renamed to jakarta.faces.*. This will need the Java library dependency changes and the reference updates in the application source code. Also some changes are required in the application configuration and web application deployment descriptors (eg web.xml).

Preparation

Download and install Wildfly 35, WildFly Downloads

Configure the application server supporting libraries if needed. Like the previous application server, ojdbc libraries may need to be copied to the application server, %JBOSS_HOME%\modules\system\layers\base.

Set up admin account (use %JBOSS_HOME%\bin\add-user.bat) for accessing the Wildfly/Jboss EAP admin console: http://localhost:9990

Basic Changes

Here are the general steps:

• replace the library references in project configuration file (eg pom.xml in Apache Maven)

• update the references in the source code based on the new libraries. If no new libraries to use, may need to consider to rewrite certain application functions.

• compile and package the application and fix any compile errors

• deploy the application package to the running application server and fix any deployment errors

• test the application and fix the runtime errors

Maven project file, pom.xml

• Update the library dependencies as the following. Find updated 3^rd party library dependencies from Maven Repository: Search/Browse/Explore. For the new versions, look at what’s bundled with the wildfly. Eg in %JBOSS_HOME%\modules\system\layers\base\*

Name	Old Library (to be replaced)	New Library
jUnit	3.x	4.x
JAXB API	javax.xml.bind > jaxb-api	jakarta.xml.bind > jakarta.xml.bind-api
JSF API	com.sun.faces > jsf-api	jakarta.platform > jakarta.jakartaee-api or jakarta.faces > jakarta.faces-api
JSF IMPL	com.sun.faces > jsf-api
CDI Support		jakarta.enterprise > jakarta.enterprise.cdi-api
Java Servlet	javax.servlet > javax.servlet-api	jakarta.servlet > jakarta.servlet-api
Expression Language	javax.el > javax.el-api	jakarta.el > jakarta.el-api
JSTL (taglib)	javax.servlet.jsp.jstl > jstl-api	jakarta.servlet.jsp.jstl > jakarta.servlet.jsp.jstl-api
JEE API	Javax > javaee-api	(upgrade the version only if needed)
JMS	(the libs with JEE API may not work)	jakarta.jms > jakarta.jms-api
RESTful WS API	javax.ws.rs > javax.ws.rs-api	jakarta.ws.rs > jakarta.ws.rs-api
OJDBC	com.oracle > ojdbc	(upgrade the version only if needed)
Hibernate	org.hibernate > hibernate-core	org.hibernate.orm > hibernate-core
Plugins update with new versions
org.apache.maven.plugins > maven-compiler-plugin
org.apache.maven.plugins > maven-resources-plugin
org.apache.maven.plugins > maven-war-plugin

Package reference rename in application source code

• Change imports with the new package names from the above new libraries

The following list contains the new references:

import jakarta.annotation.PostConstruct;

import jakarta.el.ELResolver;

import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;

import jakarta.enterprise.context.RequestScoped;

import jakarta.enterprise.context.SessionScoped;

import jakarta.enterprise.inject.Disposes;

import jakarta.enterprise.inject.Produces;

import jakarta.faces.application.FacesMessage;

import jakarta.faces.context.FacesContext;

import jakarta.faces.event.AjaxBehaviorEvent;

import jakarta.faces.event.PhaseEvent;

import jakarta.faces.event.PhaseId;

import jakarta.faces.event.PhaseListener;

import jakarta.faces.model.SelectItem;

import jakarta.inject.Inject;

import jakarta.inject.Named;

import jakarta.jms.BytesMessage;

import jakarta.jms.Queue;

import jakarta.jms.QueueConnection;

import jakarta.jms.QueueConnectionFactory;

import jakarta.jms.QueueSender;

import jakarta.jms.QueueSession;

import jakarta.persistence.CascadeType;

import jakarta.persistence.Column;

import jakarta.persistence.ElementCollection;

import jakarta.persistence.Entity;

import jakarta.persistence.EntityManager;

import jakarta.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;

import jakarta.persistence.EntityTransaction;

import jakarta.persistence.FetchType;

import jakarta.persistence.Id;

import jakarta.persistence.JoinColumn;

import jakarta.persistence.JoinTable;

import jakarta.persistence.ManyToMany;

import jakarta.persistence.MapKeyColumn;

import jakarta.persistence.NamedQueries;

import jakarta.persistence.NamedQuery;

import jakarta.persistence.OrderBy;

import jakarta.persistence.Table;

import jakarta.persistence.Transient;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import jakarta.ws.rs.client.Client;

import jakarta.ws.rs.client.ClientBuilder;

import jakarta.ws.rs.client.Entity;

import jakarta.ws.rs.client.WebTarget;

import jakarta.ws.rs.Consumes;

import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Context;

import jakarta.ws.rs.core.MediaType;

import jakarta.ws.rs.core.Response;

import jakarta.ws.rs.core.UriInfo;

import jakarta.ws.rs.DELETE;

import jakarta.ws.rs.ext.ParamConverter;

import jakarta.ws.rs.ext.Provider;

import jakarta.ws.rs.GET;

import jakarta.ws.rs.HeaderParam;

import jakarta.ws.rs.Path;

import jakarta.ws.rs.PathParam;

import jakarta.ws.rs.POST;

import jakarta.ws.rs.Produces;

import jakarta.ws.rs.PUT;

import jakarta.ws.rs.QueryParam;

import jakarta.jms.BytesMessage;

import jakarta.jms.Queue;

import jakarta.jms.QueueConnection;

import jakarta.jms.QueueConnectionFactory;

import jakarta.jms.QueueSender;

import jakarta.jms.QueueSession;

• Update WEB-INF\web.xml

find the old class types defined there and rename if available. For example of the following new names:

<servlet>

<servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>jakarta.faces.webapp.FacesServlet</servlet-class>

<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<error-page>

<exception-type>jakarta.faces.application.ViewExpiredException</exception-type>

<location>/m_login.xhtml</location>

</error-page>

• @NamedQuery with implicit ‘SELECT’ not allowed, so add “SELECT <object alias> ” before “FROM”

Potential Issues

Some old 3^rd party libraries (eg Richfaces) may be out-of-support with using the old packages, and they will need to be replaced with the similar well-supported/updated libraries. For example, if the JSF applications are using Richfaces (UI components or AJAX), consider to replace with PrimeFaces for example. For possible Richfaces component replacements, refer to Appendix.

Appendix

Version Mapping between JBoss EAP and Wildfly

JBoss EAP Version	WildFly Version
8	28
7.4	23
7.3	18
7.2	14
7.1	11
7	10

Richfaces to Primefaces Migration References

	RichFaces (change from)	PrimeFaces (change to)
Listener	a4j:actionListener	f:setPropertyActionListener
AJAX	a4j:ajax	p:ajax
Button	a4j:commandButton render	p:commandButton update=
Link	a4j:commandLink	p:commandLink
JS function	a4j:jsFunction	p:remoteCommand
Media output	a4j:mediaOutput	p:graphicImage, ...
Output area	a4j:outputPanel	div or p:tab or p:outputPanel
Parameter	a4j:param	f:param
Region	a4j:region	h:panelGroup or p:fragment
Repeat	a4j:repeat	p:repeat
Status	a4j:status	p:ajaxStatus
Accordion	rich:accordion	p:accordionPanel
Accord. item	rich:accordionItem	p:tab
Autocomplete	rich:autocomplete	p:autocomplete
Calendar	rich:calendar	p:calendar
Sub-table	rich:collapsibleSubTable	p:dataTable (nested)
Column	rich:column	p:column
Button	rich:commandButton	p:commandButton ajax="false"
Command link	rich:commandLink	p:commandLink ajax="false"
Control	rich:componentControl	JS function
Data grid	rich:dataGrid	p:dataGrid
Data scroll	rich:dataScroller	remove (use paginator)
Data table	rich:dataTable	p:dataTable
Sub-menu	rich:dropDownMenu	p:submenu
Editor	rich:editor	p:editor(p:textEditor in PF 6)
File upload	rich:fileUpload	p:fileUpload
Focus	rich:focus	p:focus
Google map	rich:gmap (RF3)	p:gmap
Hot key	rich:hotKey	p:hotkey
Spinner	rich:inputNumberSpinner	p:spinner
List	rich:list	p:dataList
Menu item	rich:menuItem	p:menuitem
Message	rich:message	p:message
Messages	rich:messages	p:messages
Panel	rich:panel	p:panel
Panel menu	rich:panelMenu	p:panelMenu or p:menu
Menu item	rich:panelMenuItem	p:menuitem
Pick list	rich:pickList	p:pickList
Popup	rich:popup	p:dialog
Select one	rich:select	p:selectOneMenu
Tab	rich:tab	p:tab
Menu bar	rich:toolbar	p:menubar or p:toolbar
Menu group	rich:toolbarGroup	remove
Tooltip	rich:tooltip	p:tooltip
Tree	rich:tree	p:tree
Tree node	rich:treeNode	p:treeNode
Label	h:outputLabel	p:outputLabel
Input text	h:inputText	p:inputText
Input secret	h:inputSecret	p:password
Message	h:message	p:message
Messages	h:messages	p:messages
Text area	h:inputTextarea	p:inputTextarea
Dropdown	h:selectOneListbox	p:selectOneMenu
Select one	h:selectOneMenu	p:selectOneMenu
Multi-select	h:selectManyListbox	p:selectManyMenu
Check box	h:selectBooleanCheckbox	p:selectBooleanCheckbox
Check boxes	h:selectManyCheckbox	p:selectManyCheckbox
Radio button	h:selectOneRadio	p:selectOneRadio
Button	h:commandButton	p:commandButton ajax="false
Regular link	h:commandLink	p:commandLink ajax="false"
Image link	h:commandLink	p:menuitem
Link	h:link	p:link
Column	h:column	p:column
Repeat	ui:repeat	p:repeat
Field set	fieldset	p:fieldset

References

Migration Guide 3.0: Hibernate ORM 5 to 6 migration · quarkusio/quarkus Wiki

Getting Started With Jakarta EE 10 - Jakarta CDI

Alternative of richfaces components in primefaces - Stack Overflow

Common Git Commands

 

# initialize local Git repository

git init

# create the main branch

git checkout -b main

# add local file (eg README.md) to staging

git add README.md

# commit the staging changes with comments (eg first commit)

git commit -m "first commit"

# add a remote repository (Git HTTPS or SSH URL: git@git.abc.com:company-name/Temp_Test_Repo.git)

git remote add origin git@git.abc.com:company-name/Temp_Test_Repo.git

# push the staging changes to the (remote) repository

git push origin main

# create the new branch (eg FY23-01) from main

git checkout -b FY23-01 main

# push the latest changes from the branch (eg FY23-01)

git push origin FY23-01

# revert local commits - for SHA, only need first 5 or 6 characters to differentiate

git revert <new commit SHA>

# undo the above revert

git revert <commit SHA of the previous revert>

# or, make a copy of the original commit

git cherry-pick <original commit SHA>

# check untracked files

git diff

# check local git status for uncommitted files etc

git status

# check git history

git log

# check git history by range

git log --online <start commit SHA>..<end commit SHA>

# cherry-pick multiple commits
git cherry-pick <start commit SHA>..<end commit SHA>

# delete a new local branch (eg FY23-01) in case of recreating
git branch -D FY23-01

# delete a remote branch
git push origin --delete FY23-01

# merge branch FY23-01 back to main

# switch to the target branch (eg main)

git switch main # or git checkout main

# merge from the source branch (eg FY23-01) without fast-forward

git merge --no-ff FY23-01

# push the merged changes back to the target branch (eg main) of the (remote) repository

git push origin main

# rebase from main to the branch created before some updates in main - merged from another branch - later

git switch main

git pull origin main

git switch out-of-date-branch

git rebase main

Common Oracle DDLs

-- Table

CREATE TABLE <table name>

( <field name> <data type> NOT NULL,

  -- ... ...

  CONSTRAINT <primary key name> PRIMARY KEY (field name)

);

COMMENT ON COLUMN <table name.field name> IS 'comments...';

ALTER TABLE <table name> ADD <field name> <data type>

-- Index

CREATE INDEX <index name> ON <table name> (<field name>);

DROP INDEX <index name>;

-- View

CREATE OR REPLACE FORCE VIEW <view name> (<field name>,...)

  SELECT <field name>,...

  FROM <table/view name>;

-- Sequence

CREATE SEQUENCE <sequence name> MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 1000000000 INCREMENT BY 1 START WITH 1;

-- Stored Function

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION <function name> (<parameter name> IN <data type>, ...)

RETURN <data type>

IS

  <local variable name> <data type>;

BEGIN

  IF <condition> THEN

    <local variable name> := <value>;

  ELSE

    -- ... ...

  END IF;

  RETURN <local variable name>;

EXCEPTION

  WHEN OTHERS THEN

    RETURN NULL;

END <function name>;

-- Stored procedure

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE <procedure name> (<parameter name> IN <data type, ...)

IS

  <local variable> <data type>;

  CURSOR <cursor name> IS

    <select query statement>;

BEGIN

  OPEN <cursor name>;

  LOOP

    FETCH <cursor name> INTO <local variable>, ...;

    EXIT WHEN <cursor name>%NOTFOUND;

    -- iterator cursor

  END LOOP;

  CLOSE <cursor name>;

EXCEPTION

  WHEN OTHERS THEN

    <local vairable> := <value>;

    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('SQL Error: ...');

END <procedure name>;

/

-- Package

-- Specification

CREATE OR REPLACE <package name>

AS

    FUNCTION <function name> (<parameter name> IN <data type>, ...) RETURN <data type>;

    PROCEDURE <procedure name> (<parameter name> IN <data type>, ...);

    -- ...

END <package name>;

/

-- Body

CREATE OR REPLACE BODY <package name>

AS

  FUNCTION <function name> (<parameter name> IN <data type>, ...) 

  IS

     <local variable> <data type>;

  BEGIN

  END <function name>;

  -- ... ...

RETURN <data type>

END <package name>

-- Trigger

CREATE OR REPLACE <trigger name>

  BEFORE INSERT ON <table name> REFERENCING NEW AS NEW OLD AS OLD

  -- or AFTER INSERT OR UPDATE ON <table name> ...s

  FOR EACH ROW

DECLARE

  <local variable> <data type>;

BEGIN

  <local variable> := <value>;

  IF :NEW.id IS NULL THEN

    SELECT <sequence name>.NEXTVAL INTO <local variable> FROM DUAL;

    :NEW.id := <local variable>;

  END IF;

END;

-- Scheduled jobs

BEGIN

  DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB (

    job_name => '<job name>',

    job_type => 'PLSQL_BLOCK';

    job_action => 'BEGIN <stored procedure name(parameters...)> END;',

    start_date => TRUNC(SYSDATE, 'DD') + 23/24, -- starting at 23:00

    repeat_interval => 'FREQ=MONTHLY;BYMONTHDAY=22;'

    -- on 22nd every month; or FREQ=DAILY;BYHOUR=23, or FREQ=WEEKLY;BYDAY=FRI...s

  );

END;

/

-- Grant permission

GRANT SELECT,UPDATE,DELETE,INSERT,EXECUTE ON <table name> TO <user name>;

REVOKE SELECT,UPDATE,DELETE,INSERT,EXECUTE ON <table name> FROM <user name>;

-- Get environment information using system functions

SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','OS_USER'), SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','MODULE'), SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','HOST') FROM DUAL;

 

Create Docker Container for SpringBoot Application

Pre-conditions:

• understand how to use Docker
• understand how to create SpringBoot applications

1. Package your SpringBoot application using Maven - "mvn clean package".
2. Create a DockerFile
• FROM openjdk:11-slim
• COPY ./target/KnowledgeBase-1.0.jar /usr/app/KnowledgeBase-1.0.jar
• WORKDIR /usr/app
• RUN sh -c "touch KnowledgeBase-1.0.jar"
• ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "KnowledgeBase-1.0.jar"]
3. Modify pom.xml to add repackage target to have a runnable .jar and maven-jar-plugin to specify mainClass in manifest.
4. Note: if your SpringBoot access a database (e.g. PostgreSQL) in another Docker container, need to change JDBC from localhost to the IP address of the database container (in application.properties).
5. Build Docker container using "docker build -t <image_name> ."
6. Verify the newly build image using "docker images"
7. Run the Docker container using "docker run --name <container_name> -p 8090:8080 <image_name>". Note: the trigger port can be different from the original one (e.g. 8090:8080)
8. the container can be stop and start using "docker container stop <container_name>" and "docker container start <container_name>" respectively.
9. check container logs using "docker container logs <container_name>"

Example of a SpringBoot data service

This is a simple database application using SpringBoot and PostgreSQL. The source code is at https://github.com/jonliu6/KnowledgeBase

1. create a Maven project template using "mvn archetype:generate".
2. fill in the application information.
• groupId, artifactId, version, package
3. open Maven project file - pom.xml and add SpringBoot and PostgreSQL dependencies.
4. create application.properties in src/main/resources with the application name, port and database connection information.
5. set up database and table(s) in PostgreSQL - scripts.
6. create SpringBoot entry application class (with @SpringBootApplication)
7. create a data model entity class (e.g. Article.java) mapping to the corresponding table (e.g. t_article).
8. create a repository interface extends from CrudRepository from Spring Data with the common method declarations (e.g. findAll(), save() and etc.).
9. create a controller class with org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController.
• autowire the repository in the controller.
• create the HTTP RESTful methods in the controller.
10. build and run the SpringBoot application by running "mvn spring-boot:run"
11. test the controller method (e.g. http://<server>:<port>/<path>).

• curl -X GET http://localhost:8080/articles/
• curl -X GET http://localhost:8080/articles/Test
• curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "{"""title""":"""2nd Article for testing purpose""","""category""":"""Test""","""description""":"""This is a test record added from SpringBoot RestController again."""}" http://localhost:8080/articles/add
• curl -X DELETE http://localhost:8080/articles/10008

How to create a Docker container for PostgreSQL

1. install Docker Desktop from https://www.docker.com/get-started based on your OS.
2. create your Docker account at https://hub.docker.com and log on.
3. open a command window (in Windows), and type docker --version to check the docker version.
• c:\users\testuser>docker --version
• Docker version 19.03.8, build afacb8b
4. start Docker Desktop and log on your Docket account.
5. search postgres from  https://hub.docker.com and click postgres Office Image.
6. in the command window, type "docker pull postgres" to get the latest PostgreSQL image. Note: by default, the PostgreSQL version is the latest. To get a particular version, execute "docker pull postgres:12.2".
7. in the command window, type the following to create and start a PostgreSQL container (-p for port number <trigger port #:port# in container>):
• docker run --name containername -h localhost -p 5435:5432 -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=mypassword -d postgres:12.2
8. use "docker ps" or "docker container ls" to show the running container status. "docker ps -a" lists all existing containers.
9. to stop a docket container, type "docker stop containername"
10. to restart an existing container, type "docker start containername"
11. get in the docker container by typing "docker exec -it containername bash"
12. within the container bash shell, you can then log in PostgreSQL as usual
• psql -U postgres postgres
13. if you specified host and port numbers when creating the docker postgres container, you can access from the local machine using postgres client
• psql -h localhost -p 5435 -U postgres -W
14. to remove the container, use "docker rm -f containername"
15. to list docker images, type "docker images" or "docker image ls"
16. to remove an image by name, use "docker image rm -f imagename", or by id using "docker image rmi -f 93d5585e579d"

Java Application accessing Oracle Database by using Hibernate

1. Download Hibernate from http://www.hibernate.org/downloads or mvnrepository.com

2. Configure Hibernate by hibernate.cfg.xml or hibernate.properties
   hibernate.cfg.xml sample for Oracle
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN" 
"http://www.jboss.org/dtd/hibernate/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
 <!-- // NOTE: if accessing .dtd has a problem, download .dtd to local and refer it from CLASSPATH like below -->
 <!-- <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration SYSTEM "classpath://org/hibernate/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> -->
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory> <!-- Oracle -->
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property> 
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@server:port:SID</property> 
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect</property> 
<property name="hibernate.default_schema">schema_name</property> 
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">user_name</property> 
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">user_password</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.pool_size">10</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property> 
<property name="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</property> 
<property name="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">30</property>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

   hibernate.properties sample for PostgreSQL
    hibernate.connection.driver_class = org.postgresql.Driver
    hibernate.connection.url = jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/mydatabase
    hibernate.connection.username = myuser
    hibernate.connection.password = secret
    hibernate.c3p0.min_size=5
    hibernate.c3p0.max_size=20
    hibernate.c3p0.timeout=1800
    hibernate.c3p0.max_statements=50
    hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect

3. Create a Hibernate Java project in Maven with required dependencies, including:
    database client library files. e.g. ojdbc*.jar for Oracle, postgresql*.jar for PostgreSQL
hibernate-core
hibernate-entitymanager for Hibernate JPA implementation
hibernate-ehcache for using Hibernate cache mechenism
    e.g. in pom.xml
    <properties>
        <hibernate.version>4.3.5.Final</hibernate.version> <!-- bundled with Wildfly 8.1.0 -->
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
        <artifactId>ojdbc</artifactId>
        <version>5.0</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
        <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
        <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
        <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
      </dependency>
  </dependencies>

4. Create an Entity object mapped with the data structure (e.g. a table or a view) in DB
    For an example of Student Table in DB, the entity class defined as Student in below:
@Entity
 @Table(name="Student_Table")
public class Student {
 @Id
@Column(name="Student_Id")
private String studentId;

@Column(name="First_Name")
private String firstName;

@Column(name="Last_Name")
private String lastName;

public String getStudentId(){ return studentId; }
public void setStudentId(String id) { this.studentId = id; }

public String getFirstName(){ return firstName; }
public void setFirstName(String name) { this.firstName = name; }

public String getLastName(){ return lastName; }
public void setLastName(String name) { this.lastName = name; }
}

5. Map the entity class in hibernate.cfg.xml by adding the following in <session-factory />
    <mapping class="org.freecode.demo.entity.Student" /> <!-- // full class name with package -->

6. Access DB through Hibernate
    public static void main(String[] args) {
String configFile = "hibernate.cfg.xml"; // load Hibernate configuration
Configuration cfg = new Configuration();
cfg.configure(configFile);
StandardServiceRegistryBuilder ssrb = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder();
ssrb.applySettings(cfg.getProperties());
ServiceRegistry sr = ssrb.build();
SessionFactory sf = cfg.buildSessionFactory(sr); // initialize a session factory
Session s = sf.openSession();
// Session s = sf.getCurrentSession(); // initialize a DB session
// Transaction tx = null;
try {
// tx = s.beginTransaction();
List<ProjectCause> causes = s.createQuery("FROM Student").list(); // create a Hibernate Query to get all student objects from the DB session
// tx.commit();
if (causes != null) {
for (ProjectCause c : causes) {
System.out.println("Student: " + c.getStudentId() + " - " c.getFirstName() + " " + c.getLastName());
}
}
}
catch (HibernateException he) {
he.printStackTrace();
// tx.rollback();
}
finally {
if (s.isOpen()) {
            s.close();
}
}
}

7. Use Hibernate JPA Implementation by creating JPA descriptor - persistence.xml
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
  <persistence-unit name="Hibernate_JPA_Unit" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL"> <!-- non EJB type -->
<description>Persistence Unit for JPA Implementation</description>
<provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
  <class>org.freecode.demo.entity.Student</class> <!-- need to map the class for WAR, EAR -->
<properties>
  <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver" />
  <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@server:port:SID" />
  <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="db user" />
  <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="db password" />
  <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect" />
  
  <!-- for caching, require hibernate-ehcache.jar -->
  <property name="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache" value="true"/>
  <property name="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class" value="org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory"></property>
  <property name="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache" value="true"></property>

  <property name="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size" value="30"/>
  <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
  <!-- logger: org.hibernate.SQL, org.hibernate.engine.query, org.hibernate.type, org.hibernate.jdbc -->
  <property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/>
  <property name="hibernate.transaction.flush_before_completion" value="true" />
</properties>
  </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

8. Access DB through Hibernate JPA
        EntityManagerFactory emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("Hibernate_JPA_Unit"); // unit name is defined in persistence.xml
EntityManager em = emf.createEntityManager();

try {
Query qry = em.createQuery("SELECT c FROM Student c");
List<ProjectCause> students = qry.getResultList();
if (causes != null) {
for (Student std : students) {
System.out.println(std.getStudentId() + " - " + std.getFirstName() + " " + c.getLastName());
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
finally {
if (em.isOpen()) {
em.close();
}
em = null;
if (emf.isOpen()) {
emf.close();
}
emf = null;
}